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Tooth fractures can occur unexpectedly at different times in life. Sports accidents, biting hard objects, traumas, and even grinding teeth at night can cause cracks or fractures in the structure of the tooth. A tooth fracture may not always be visible, but if not detected and treated in time, it can cause serious consequences such as decay, inflammation, and tooth loss.
In this article, we will answer frequently asked questions such as “What is a tooth fracture? What are its symptoms? What are the treatment methods?” in detail.
A tooth fracture is the cracking or complete breakage of the enamel, dentin or deeper layers of the tooth as a result of trauma, pressure or structural weakness. It can occur in different forms, from slight cracks to serious root fractures. The size and depth of the fracture directly affects the treatment process.
Tooth fractures can develop due to many different reasons. The most common reasons are:
Usually does not cause pain, only an aesthetic problem. These are superficial cracks that occur in the enamel layer.
A part of the chewing surface of the tooth has broken. It is usually seen in teeth that have been filled.
The crack may have progressed to the root of the tooth. It usually causes pain during chewing.
A serious condition in which the crack separates the tooth into two pieces. Tooth extraction is usually required.
These are cracks that develop upwards from the inside of the tooth root. It can progress without giving any symptoms and cause infection.
Not every tooth fracture is noticed right away. However, if you have the following symptoms, you may have a crack or fracture in your tooth:
A tooth fracture can sometimes be seen with the naked eye, and sometimes it is diagnosed with x-rays or special tests:
The treatment plan varies according to the type, size and location of the fracture. Here are the common treatment methods:
If there is only a superficial fracture in the enamel layer, repair can be done with a composite aesthetic filling. This process, which is carried out with color-matched materials, provides successful results both functionally and aesthetically.
If a significant portion of the tooth has been lost, the tooth is protected by covering it with porcelain or zirconia coatings. In this way, both aesthetics and durability are ensured.
If the fracture has reached the nerve tissue (pulp) of the tooth, root canal treatment should be performed to prevent pain and inflammation. Then, a filling or crown is applied to the tooth.
If the tooth crack has progressed enough to split the tooth in two, unfortunately the tooth may not be saved. In this case, the tooth is extracted and prosthetic solutions such as implants or bridges are considered to prevent the space from remaining empty.
Sometimes root tip cracks cannot be fixed with root canal treatment. In such cases, surgical intervention (apical resection) may be required for the root tip of the tooth.
Composite Fillings: Provides aesthetic and fast solutions.
Porcelain and Zirconia Coatings: Provides high durability.
Glass ionomer filling: Especially suitable for temporary solutions.
Fiber post: Used as sub-crown support after root canal treatment.
Tooth fractures, especially if they are close to the nerve or due to trauma, may require emergency intervention. In cases such as bleeding in the tooth, severe pain, or a completely dislocated tooth, a dentist should be consulted without delay.
Things to consider during first aid:
If there is a piece that has fallen out as a result of a broken tooth, it should be stored in a clean container.
The mouth should be rinsed with warm water, and the tooth should not be directly treated.
If there is pain, painkillers can be taken, but aspirin should be avoided.
If there is bleeding, pressure should be applied with gauze.
The healing process after treatment varies depending on the method used:
During the healing process, it is important to eat soft foods, change the chewing side and have regular doctor check-ups.
Does a broken tooth heal on its own?
No. A tooth is a hard tissue and cannot repair itself when broken. A dentist's intervention is absolutely necessary.
If a broken tooth does not cause pain, should it be treated?
Yes. Even if it does not cause pain, the accumulation of bacteria in the broken area increases and serious decay or infection may develop over time.
How long does it take to treat a broken tooth?
It varies depending on the method applied. Composite filling can be completed in a single session, while crown and root canal treatment can be completed in 2-3 sessions.
Can an implant be placed on a broken tooth?
If the tooth has been extracted and there is a suitable bone structure, implant treatment can be preferred.
Tooth fractures can negatively affect the quality of life both aesthetically and functionally. These problems can be easily solved with early diagnosis and correct treatment methods. Neglecting a tooth fracture can lead to more serious problems, even tooth loss. Therefore, if there is sudden discomfort, sensitivity or a noticeable fracture in the mouth, a dentist should definitely be consulted.
