Clinical experience, misunderstood concepts and frequently asked questions. Notes from many years of practice.
A Cochrane review of 5 randomised trials in 302 infants reported reduced maternal nipple pain after frenotomy, but no trial followed breastfeeding long term.
Root decay starts below the gum line, where brushing rarely reaches. A meta-analysis put pooled prevalence at 41% in middle-aged and elderly populations.
Full-mouth dental implants replace a whole arch on 4 to 8 implants carrying one fixed bridge or removable overdenture; treatment runs 3 to 12 months.
In gum enlargement from orthodontic treatment, a review of 7 randomised trials found significantly less pain and bleeding with diode laser than scalpel.
Reported implant survival is 96.4% at 10 years, 94.0% at 15 and 78% to 92% at 20, depending on the analysis. Suitability follows bone volume, gum health and general health, and there is no upper age limit.
The usual aligner change interval is 14 days. Six studies found no significant overall difference in tooth movement for 7-day and 10-day protocols.
Composite veneers are shaped directly on the tooth in a single visit. Pooled randomised trials show 88 percent survival over follow-up of 24 to 97 months.
Dental treatment in Turkey usually means 5 to 7 days in an Istanbul clinic for crowns or veneers; implant cases need a second visit 3 to 6 months later.
A Cochrane review of 47 randomised trials found removable and fixed retention differ by less than 1 mm at 12 months. Bonded retainer failure was 35.22%.
